ORD 845 05/13/2008 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE AMENDMENT ORDINANCE NO. 8 4 5
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CIBOLO AMENDING ORDINANCE 781
ADOPTING THE 2006 EDITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE,
REGULATING AND GOVERNING THE SAFEGUARDING OF LIFE AND
PROPERTY FROM FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS ARISING FROM THE
STORAGE, HANDLING AND USE OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES,
MATERIALS AND DEVICES, AND FROM CONDITIONS HAZARDOUS TO
LIFE OR PROPERTY IN THE OCCUPANCY OF BUILDINGS AND PREMISES
IN THE CITY OF CIBOLO; PROVIDING FOR PENALTIES FOR THE
VIOLATION OF THIS ORDINANCE; PROVIDING FOR THE ISSUANCE OF
PERMITS AND COLLECTION OF FEES THEREFOR; AMENDING
ORDINANCE NO. 781 OF THE CITY OF CIBOLO AND THAT THIS
ORDINANCE IS CUMULATIVE OF ALL OTHER ORDINANCES OF THE
CITY NOT IN CONFLICT WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ORDINANCE.
WHEREAS,the City of Cibolo is a Home Rule Municipality located in Guadalupe County, Texas, created
in accordance with provisions of the Texas Local Government Code and operating pursuant to its adopted
City Charter and all applicable laws and enabling legislation of the State of Texas; and
WHEREAS, the City of Cibolo is governed by a Home Rule Charter that was approved by the Citizens of
Cibolo in a duly called election held on September 11,2004;and
WHEREAS,Chapter 54.001 of the Texas Local Government Code provides the general authority for the City
of Cibolo to enforce each rule,ordinance,or police regulation of the City of Cibolo and to punish a violation
of a rule,ordinance,or police regulation;and
WHEREAS,the City of Cibolo,Texas seeks to regulate and govern the safeguarding of life and property from
fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances,materials and
devices,and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and premises in the
City of Cibolo.
The City Council of the City of Cibolo does ordain as follows:
Section 1. That a certain document,two (2) copies of which are on file in the office of the Fire Marshal of
Cibolo and one (1) copy of which are on file in the office of the Building Official of Cibolo, being marked
and designated as the International Fire Code, 2006 edition, including Appendix Chapters B, C, D, and F,
Appendix Chapters E and G as a guideline as published by the International Code Council,be and is hereby
adopted as the Fire Code of the City of Cibolo, in the State of Texas regulating and governing the
safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage, handling and use
of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the
occupancy of buildings and premises as herein provided;providing for the issuance of permits and collection
of fees therefor; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms of said Fire
Code on file in the office of the City of Cibolo are hereby referred to,adopted, and made a part hereof, as if
fully set out in this ordinance, with the additions, insertions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in
Section 2,3,4,and 5 of this ordinance.
Section 2. That the following sections and/or sub-sections are hereby revised to read as follows:
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Section 310.2 Smoking prohibited in public places and prohibited areas. Smoking shall be prohibited
where the fire code official has determined conditions are such as to make smoking a hazard, and in spaces
where flammable or combustible materials are stored or handled and smoking is hereby prohibited in all
public places within the city limits of the City of Cibolo and in accordance with the provisions of City of Cibolo
Ordinance 680.
Public place means any enclosed area that is open to or is used by the general public,or that is a place of
employment and includes,but is not limited to:retail stores,grocery stores,offices, professional, commercial
or financial establishment, food establishments, movie theaters, public and private institutions of education,
health care facilities, nursing and convalescent homes, residential treatment facilities, buildings owned or
occupied by political subdivisions and public restrooms. For the purpose of this section, a public place does
not include a private residence, bar, tobacco shop, hotel and motel rooms that are rented to guests, private
clubs or outdoors.
Section 310.5 Compliance with "No Smoking" signs. Smoking shall not be permitted nor shall a person
smoke, throw or deposit any lighted or smoldering substance in any place where "No Smoking" signs are
posted. Designated smoking areas shall be approved by the fire code official.
Section 903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall
be provided in the locations described in this section.
Automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all levels of all new Group A,B,E,F,H,
I, M, R-1, R-2, R-4, and S occupancies in accordance with Section 903, and throughout all R-3
occupancies 4,500 square feet (418 m2) or more, and installed in all canopies over motor fuel-
dispensing equipment and flammable gas, LP-gas, and flammable and combustible liquid storage
areas, unattended motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be fully protected including all canopies or
covers. The calculated area shall be total square footage (as measured from the exterior)including all
habitable space as well as the area of attached garages, storage facilities, hallways, stairways, and
similar areas. Such systems shall be in accordance with Section 903 as well as National Fire Protection
Association Standards where conflicts arise the more stringent shall govern.
Retrofit:
1. Building additions that equal 50% or more of the existing building floor area, or building
additions that exceed the requirements of Section 903 regardless of percentage increase.
2. Two or more building permits related to area increase, are issued over any three consecutive
years.
3. One or more additions are made to an R-3 occupancy and the new total area of the building
exceeds 4,500 square feet(418 m2).
4. Building remodels that require structural changes affecting the primary structural system of
the existing building.
Exception:
1. Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used exclusively for telecommunications
equipment, associated electrical power distribution equipment, batteries, and standby
engines, provided those spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic fire
alarm system and are separated from the remainder of the building by fire barriers consisting
of not less than 2-hour fire-resistance-rated walls and 2-hour fire-resistance-rated
floor/ceiling assemblies.
2. Detached non-combustible carports or shade canopies. Detached gazebos and open sided
pavilions for residential use.
3. Independent buildings such as restrooms or snack shops 1,000 square feet (93 m2) or less
that are associated with golf courses,parks,and similar uses.
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4. Guardhouses that are less than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) in size used to control access to or
within residential and/or commercial developments.
5. Detached equipment or storage buildings for commercial use 1,000 square feet (93 m2) or
less, or 2,000 square feet (186 m2) or less and 20 feet (6096 mm) or more from another
structure.
6. Detached combustible or non-combustible canopies or covered fuel-dispensing devices not
exceeding 3,000 square feet (279 m2) used for, motor fuel-dispensing stations for motor
vehicles.
7. Manufactured/Modular/Mobile homes built on a permanent chassis designed and built as a
dwelling unit and recreational vehicles that were not site built and are portable in nature.
Section 903.2.1.1 Group A-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-1
occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:
1. The fire area exceeds 10,000 square feet(929 m2);
2. The fire area has an occupant load of 200 or more;
3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the level of exit discharge;or
4. The fire area contains a multi-theater complex.
Section 903.2.1.2 Group A-2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-2
occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:
1. The fire area exceeds 2,500 square feet(232 m2);
2. The fire area has an occupant load of 100 or more;or
3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the level of exit discharge.
Section 903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-3
occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:
1. The fire area exceeds 10,000 square feet(929 m2);
2. The fire area has an occupant load of 200 or more;or
3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the level of exit discharge.
Exception: Floor areas used exclusively as participant sports areas where the main floor
area is located at the same level as the level of exit discharge of the main entrance and exit
without seating areas.
Section 903.2.1.4 Group A-4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-4
occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:
1. The fire area exceeds 10,000 square feet(929 m2);
2. The fire area has an occupant load of 200 or more;or
3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the level of exit discharge.
Exception: Floor areas used exclusively as participant sport areas where the main floor
area is located at the same level as the level of exit discharge of the main entrance and exit
without seating areas.
Section 903.2.1.5 Group A-5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-5
occupancies in the following areas: concession stands,retail areas,press boxes,and other accessory
use areas in excess of 1,000 square feet(93 m2).
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Section 903.2.2 Group E. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group E occupancy
where one of the following conditions exists:
1. Throughout all Group E fire areas greater than 10,000 square feet(929 m2)in area.
2. The fire area has an occupant load of 200 or more;or
3. Throughout every portion of educational buildings above and below the level of exit discharge.
Section 903.2.3 Group F-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all
buildings containing a Group F-1 occupancy where one of the following conditions exist:
1. Where a Group F-1 fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet(465 m2) or where the fire code official
has determined the specific use poses a greater hazard the square footage can be reduced to
2,000 square feet(189 m2);
2. Where a Group F-1 fire area is located more than two stories above grade plane; or
3. Where the combined area of all Group F-1 fire areas on all floors,including any mezzanines,
exceeds 5,000 square feet(465 m2).
Section 903.2.3.1 Woodworking operations. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided
throughout all Group F-1 occupancy fire areas that contain woodworking operations in excess of
2,500 square feet (232 m2) which generate finely divided combustible waste or which use finely
divided combustible materials.
Section 903.2.6 Group M. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings
containing a Group M occupancy where one of the following conditions exist:
1. Where a Group M fire area exceeds 10,000 square feet (929 m2) or where the fire code official
has determined the specific use poses a greater hazard the square footage can be reduced to
2,000 square feet(189 m2);
2. Where a Group M fire area is located more than two stories above grade plane;or
3. Where the combined area of all Group M fire areas on all floors, including any mezzanines,
exceeds 10,000 square feet(929 m2).
Section 903.2.8 Group S-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all
buildings containing a Group S-1 occupancy where one of the following conditions exist:
1. A Group S-1 fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet (465 m2) or where the fire code official has
determined the specific use poses a greater hazard the square footage can be reduced to 2,000
square feet(189 m2);
2. A Group S-1 fire area is located more than two stories above grade plane;or
3. The combined area of all Group S-1 fire areas on all floors,including any mezzanines, exceeds
5,000 square feet(465 m2).
Section 903.2.8.1 Repair garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all
buildings used as repair garages in accordance with the International Building Code,as follows:
1. Buildings two or more stories in height, including basements, with a fire area containing a
repair garage exceeding 5,000 square feet(465 m2).
2. One-story buildings with a fire area containing a repair garage exceeding 5,000 square feet
(465 m2).
3. Buildings with a repair garage servicing vehicles parked in the basement.
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Section 903.2.8.2 Bulk Storage of tires. Buildings and structures where the area for the storage
of tires exceeds 3,200 cubic feet (90 m3) shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Section 903.2.9 Group S-2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings
classified as enclosed parking garages in accordance with Section 406.4 of the International Building
Code or where located beneath other groups. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided
throughout all buildings containing a Group S-2 occupancy where one of the following conditions
exist:
1. A Group S-2 fire area exceeds 10,000 square feet(929 m2) or where the fire code official has
determined the specific use poses a greater hazard the square footage can be reduced to
2,000 square feet(189 m2);
2. A Group S-2 fire area is located more than two stories above grade plane;or
3. The combined area of all Group S-2 fire areas on all floors, including any mezzanines,
exceeds 10,000 square feet(929 m2).
Section 903.2.9.1 Commercial parking garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
provided throughout buildings used for storage of commercial trucks or buses where the fire area
exceeds 5,000 square feet(465 m2).
Section 903.2.10.1 Stories and basements without openings. An automatic sprinkler system
shall be installed throughout every story or basement of all buildings where the floor area exceeds
1,500 square feet (139 m2) and where there is not provided at least one of the following types of
exterior wall openings:
1. Openings below grade that lead directly to ground level by an exterior stairway complying
with Section 1009 or an outside ramp complying with Section 1010. Openings shall be
located in each 50 linear feet (15 240 mm), or fraction thereof, of exterior wall in the story
on at least one side.
2. Openings entirely above the adjoining ground level totaling at least 20 square feet (1.86 m2)
in each 50 linear feet(15 240 mm),or fraction thereof,of exterior wall in the story on at least
one side.
Section 907.2 Where required-new buildings and structures. An automatic fire detection system shall be
installed in all occupancies. All alarm systems shall be designed to accommodate the vision and hearing
impaired. An approved manual,automatic or manual and automatic fire alarm system installed in accordance
with the provisions of this code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in new buildings and structures in
accordance with Section 907.2.1 through Section 907.2.23 and provided occupant notification in accordance
with Section 907.10, unless other requirements are provided by another section of this code. Where
automatic sprinkler protection installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or Section 903.3.1.2 is provided
and connected to the building fire alarm system,automatic heat detection required by this section shall not be
required. The location of automatic fire detectors and smoke detectors shall be approved by the fire code
official. The fire alarm system should be designed so that the system can be expanded.
The automatic fire detectors shall be smoke detectors. Where ambient conditions prohibit installation of
automatic smoke detection,other automatic fire detection shall be allowed.
Where partial coverage is required, detection devices shall be provided in all common areas and work
spaces, such as corridors, lobbies, storage rooms, equipment rooms, and other tenantless spaces where
detector operation is in accordance with this Code and NFPA 72 for the environment in those spaces.
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Section 907.3 Where required-retroactive in existing buildings and structures. All alarm systems shall
be designed to accommodate the vision and hearing impaired and disabled persons. An approved manual,
automatic or manual and automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in existing buildings and structures in
accordance with Section 907.3.1 through Section 907.3.1.9. Where automatic sprinkler protection is provided
in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or Section 903.3.1.2 and connected to the building fire alarm system,
automatic heat detection required by this section shall not be required.
An approved automatic fire detection system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this
code and NFPA 72. Devices, combinations of devices, appliances and equipment shall be approved. The
automatic fire detectors shall be smoke detectors, except an approved alternative type of detector shall be
installed in spaces such as boiler rooms where, during normal operation,products of combustion are present
in sufficient quantity to actuate a smoke detector.
Where partial coverage is required, detection devices shall be provided in all common areas and work
spaces, such as corridors, lobbies, storage rooms, equipment rooms, and other tenantless spaces where
detector operation is in accordance with this Code and NFPA 72 for the environment in those spaces.
Section 907.10.1.1 Public and common areas. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in
public areas, common areas, and work spaces. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be visible and
audible alarm notification appliances where required by the fire code official.
Section 907.10.1.2 Employee work areas. Employee work areas shall have audible, visible, or visible and
audible notification appliances, and the notification appliance circuits serving the employee work areas shall
be initially designed with a minimum of 20 percent spare capacity to account for the potential of adding
additional visible notification appliances in the future to accommodate hearing impaired employee(s).
Section 3404.2.9.1 Fire protection. Fire protection for above-ground tanks shall comply with Section
3404.2.9.1.1 through Section 3404.2.9.1.4. Fire protection shall be required for all above-ground tanks over
2,500 gallons (9463 L) or more in capacity.
Section 2204.3 Unattended motor fuel-dispensing facilities and unattended self-service motor fuel-
dispensing facilities. Unattended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections
2204.3.1 through 2204.3.7. Unattended motor fuel-dispensing facilities and unattended self-service motor
fuel-dispensing facilities shall be fully protected by a fire suppression system including all canopies or covers.
Section 3404.4 Outdoor storage of containers and portable tanks. Storage of flammable and combustible
liquids in closed containers and portable tanks outside of buildings shall be in accordance with Section 3403
and Section 3404.4.1 through Section 3404.4.8. Capacity limits for containers and portable tanks shall be in
accordance with Section 3404.3. Storage of liquids in a single pile in excess of 2,500 gallons (9463 L) shall be
protected by automatic fire sprinkler systems.
Appendix B Fire-Flow Requirements for Buildings
Section B101 General
B101.1 Scope. The scope of this document is hydrant flow testing and marking of hydrants and the
procedure for determining fire-flow requirements for buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed
shall be in accordance with this appendix. This appendix does not apply to structures other than buildings.
B101.2 Purpose. Hydrant flow tests are conducted on water distribution systems to determine the rate of
flow available at various locations for public-safety and providing fire suppression services in a fire
emergency.
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B101.3 Application. A certain residual pressure in the mains is specified at which the rate of flow should be
available. Additional benefit is derived from hydrant flow tests by the indication of possible deficiencies,such
as tuberculation of piping or closed valves or both, which could be corrected to ensure adequate domestic
flow and fire flows as needed.
B101.4 Units. Metric units of measurement in this recommended practice are in accordance with the
modernized metric system known as the International System of Units (SI). Two units (liter and bar),outside
of but recognized by SI, are commonly used in international fire protection. These units are listed in Table
B101.4 with conversion factors. The use of metric units of measurement will require prior approval by the
AHJ.
Table B101.4 SI Units and Conversion Factors
Unit Name Unit Symbol Conversion Factor
liter L 1 gal=3.785 L
liter per minute (L/min)/m2 1 gpm ftz= (40.746 L/min)/m2
per square
meter
cubic decimeter dm3 1 gal=3.785 dm3
pascal Pa 1 psi=6894.757 Pa
bar bar 1 psi=0.0689 bar
bar bar 1 bar= 105 Pa
Note:For additional conversions and information,see IEEE/ASTM-SI-10,Standard for Use of the International System of Units(SI):The Modem
Metric System,1992.
B101.4.1 Value for Measurement. If a value for measurement as given in this recommended practice is
followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first value stated is to be regarded as the recommendation.
A given equivalent value might be approximate.
Section B102 Definitions
B102.1 Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated,the following words and terms shall, for the purposes
of this code, have the meanings shown in this section. For the purpose of this appendix, certain terms are
defined as follows:
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing
the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a
procedure.
Fire-Flow. The flow rate is the amount of water capable of being supplied at various locations in a water
distribution system, the flow rate of a water supply, measured at 20 pounds per square inch (psi) (138kPa)
residual pressure,that is available for fire suppression services in a fire emergency.
Fire-Flow Calculation Area. The floor area,in square feet(m2),used to determine the required fire flow.
Fire Hydrant (hydrant). Any device having the appearance of a fire hydrant, spaced at intervals
providing access for testing, maintenance of a water distribution system, or fire suppression services in a
fire emergency.
Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included on a list published by an approved testing laboratory,
inspection agency, or other organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and
concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of
listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services,and whose listing states that the equipment,
Page 7 of 30
material, or service comply with approved nationally recognized standards and have been tested or
evaluated and found suitable for use in a specified manner.
Rated Capacity. The flow available from a hydrant at the designated residual pressure (rated pressure),
either measured or calculated.
Residual Pressure. The pressure that exists in the distribution system,measured at the residual hydrant at
the time the flow readings are taken at the flow hydrants.
Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised, unless required by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.
Static Pressure. The pressure that exists at a given point under normal distribution system conditions
measured at the residual hydrant with no hydrants flowing.
B102.2 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined in this code and are defined in the International
Building Code,International Fire Code, or International Plumbing Code, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed
to them as in those codes. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be considered as providing
ordinarily accepted meanings.
Section B103 Modifications
B103.1 Decreases. The fire chief is authorized to reduce the fire-flow requirements for isolated buildings or
a group of buildings in rural areas or small communities where the development of full fire-flow requirements
is impractical.
B103.2 Increases. The fire chief is authorized to increase the fire-flow requirements where conditions
indicate an unusual susceptibility to group fires or conflagrations. An increase shall not be more than twice
that required for the building under consideration.
B103.3 Areas without water supply systems. For information regarding water supplies for fire-fighting
purposes in rural and suburban areas in which adequate and reliable water supply systems do not exist, the
fire code official is authorized to utilize NFPA 1142 or the International WildIand-Urban Interface Code.
Section B104 Fire-Flow Calculation Area
B104.1 General. The fire-flow calculation area shall be the total floor area of all floor levels within the
exterior walls, and under the horizontal projections of the roof of a building, except as modified in Section
B104.3.
B104.2 Area separation. Portions of buildings which are separated by fire walls without openings,
constructed in accordance with the International Building Code, are allowed to be considered as separate fire-
flow calculation areas.
B104.3 Type IA and Type IB construction. The fire-flow calculation area of buildings constructed of
Type IA and Type IB construction shall be the area of the three largest successive floors.
Exception: Fire-flow calculation area for open parking garages shall be determined by the area of the
largest floor.
Section B105 Fire-Flow Requirements for Buildings
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B105.1 One- and two-family dwellings. The minimum fire-flow requirements for one- and two-family
dwellings having a fire-flow calculation area which does not exceed 3,600 square feet(344.5 m2) shall be 1,000
gallons per minute (3785.4 L/min). Fire-flow and flow duration for dwellings having a fire-flow calculation
area in excess of 3,600 square feet(344.5 m2) shall not be less than that specified in Table B105.1.
Exception: A reduction in required fire flow of 50 percent, as approved,is allowed when the building is
provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
Table B105.1
Minimum Required Fire-Flow and Flow Duration for Buildingsa
Fire-Flow Calculation Area(square feet) Fire-Flow Flow Duration
Type IA and IBb Type IIA and IIIAb Type IV and I-Ab Type IIB and IIIBb Type V-Bb (gallons per minute)° (hours)
0-22,700 0-12,700 0-8,200 0-5,900 0-3,600 1,500
22,701-30,200 12,701-17,000 8,201-10,900 5,901-7,900 3,601-4,800 1,750
30,201-38,700 17,001-21,800 10,901-12,900 7,901-9,800 4,801-6,200 2,000 2
38,701-48,300 21,801-24,200 12,901-17,400 9,801-12,600 6,201-7,700 2,250
48,301-59,000 24,201-33,200 17,401-21,300 12,601-15,400 7,701-9,400 2,500
59,001-70,900 33,201-39,700 21,301-25,500 15,401-18,400 9,401-11,300 2,750
70,901-83,700 39,701-47,100 25,501-30,100 18,401-21,800 11,301-13,400 3,000
83,701-97,700 47,101-54,900 30,101-35,200 21,801-25,900 13,401-15,600 3,250 3
97,701-112,700 54,901-63,400 35,201-40,600 25,901-29,300 15,601-18,000 3,500
_ 112,701-128,700 63,401-72,400 40,601-46,400 29,301-33,500 18,001-20,600 3,750
128,701-145,900 72,401-82,100 46,401-52,500 33,501-37,900 20,601-23,300 4,000
145,901-164,200 82,101-92,400 52,501-,59,100 37,901-42,700 23,301-26,300 4,250
164,201-183,400 92,401-103,100 59,101-66,000 42,701-47,700 26,301-29,300 4,500
183,401-203,700 103,101-114,600 66,001-73,300 47,701-53,000 29,301-32,600 4,750
203,701-225,200 114,601-126,700 73,301-81,100 53,001-58,600 32,601-36,000 5,000
225,201-247,700 126,701-139,400 81,101-89,200 58,601-65,400 36,001-39,600 5,250
247,701-271,200 139,401-152,600 89,201-97,700 65,401-70,600 39,601-43,400 5,500
271,201-295,900 152,601-166,500 97,701-106,500 70,601-77,000 43,401-47,400 5,750
295,901-Greater 166,501-Greater 106,501-115,800 77,001-83,700 47,401-51,500 6,000 4
115,801-125,500 83,701-90,600 51,501-55,700 6,250
- - 125,501-135,500 90,601-97,900 55,701-60,200 6,500
135,501-145,800 97,901-106,800 60,201-64,800 6,750
145,801-156,700 106,801-113,200 64,801-69,600 7,000
156,701-167,900 113,201-121,300 69,601-74,600 7,250
- 167,901-179,400 121,301-129,600 74,601-79,800 7,500
179,401-191,400 129,601-138,300 79,801-85,100 7,750
- - 191,401-Greater 138,301-Greater 85,101-Greater 8,000
For SI: 1 square foot=0.0929 rre,1 gallon per minute=3.785 L/m,1 pound per square inch=6.895 kPa.
a. The minimum required fire flow shall be allowed to be reduced by 25 percent for Group R.
b. Types of construction are based on the International Building Code.
c. Measured at 20 psi.
B105.2 Buildings other than one- and two-family dwellings. The minimum fire-flow and flow duration
for buildings other than one-and two-family dwellings shall be as specified in Table B105.1.
Exception: A reduction in required fire-flow shall not be less than that specified in Table B105.2, as
approved, is allowed when the building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed
in accordance with Section 903.311 or 903.3.1.2. The resulting fire-flow shall not be less than 1,500
gallons per minute (5678 L/min) for the prescribed duration as specified in Table B105.1.
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Table B105.2
Fire-Flow Reductions for Fully Sprinklered Buildings
Construction Type Occupancy Type %of Reduction
All A Except A-2 75a
All A-2 25c
IA,IB,IIIA B 75
IIA,IIB,IIIB,IV B 50
V B 25
All Others B 50
All E 75a
IA,IB,IIA,IIIA F 50
All Others F 25c
All H Oc
All I 75a
All Except Vb M 50
All R 50
All Except Vb S-1 not high piled 50
All Except Vb S-1 high piled,Class I-V commodities 25c
All Except Vb S-1 Aircraft Hangers,Helistops 50
All Except Vb S-2 50
a. As determined by the Fire Chief on a cases by case basis.
b. These occupancies that are constructed of Type V construction shall not be granted a reduction in the required fire-flow due to the
installation of a fire sprinkler system.
c. As determined by the Fire Chief on a cases by case basis and shall not be more than 50%.
Section B106 Referenced Standards
B106.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this
recommended practice and should be considered part of the recommendations of this document.
ICC IBC International Building Code B104.2,Table B105.1
ICC IWUIC International Wildland-Urban Interface Code B103.3
NFPA 1142 Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting B103.3
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEEE/ASTM-SI-10, Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI):The Modem Metric System,
1992.
Section B107 through B109 Reserved
Section B1000 Flow Testing
Section B1001 Rating Pressure.
B100L1 For the purpose of uniform marking of fire hydrants, the ratings should be based on a residual
pressure of 20 psi(1.4 bar) for all hydrants having a static pressure in excess of 40 psi (2.8 bar).
B1001.2 Hydrants having a static pressure of less than 40 psi(2.8 bar) should be rated at one-half of the static
pressure.
B1001.3 It is generally recommended that a minimum residual pressure of 20 psi (1.4 bar) should be
maintained at hydrants when delivering the fire flow. Fire department pumpers can be operated where
hydrant pressures are less,but with difficulty.
Page 10 of 30
B1001.4 Where hydrants are well distributed and of the proper size and type (so that friction losses in the
hydrant and suction line are not excessive), it might be possible to set a lesser pressure as the minimum
pressure. Only with approval by the Fire Chief.
B1001.5 A primary concern should be the ability to maintain sufficient residual pressure to prevent
developing a negative pressure at any point in the street mains,which could result in the collapse of the mains
or other water system components or back-siphonage of polluted water from some other interconnected
source.
B1001.6 It should be noted that the use of residual pressures of less than 20 psi (1.4 bar) is not permitted by
many state health departments and is not permitted by the City of Cibolo.
Section B1002 Procedure.
B1002.1 Two tests should be made one during a period of ordinary demand and one made one during a
period of peak demand as approved by the AHJ.
B1002.2 The procedure consists of discharging water at a measured rate of flow from the system at a given
location and observing the corresponding pressure drop in the mains.
Section B1003 Layout of Test.
B1003.1 After the location where the test is to be run has been determined, a group of test hydrants in the
vicinity is selected as approved by the AHJ.
B1003.2 Once selected,due consideration should be given to potential interference with traffic flow patterns,
damage to surroundings (e.g., roadways, sidewalks, landscapes, vehicles, and pedestrians), and potential
flooding problems both local and remote from the test site.
B1003.3 One hydrant, designated the residual hydrant, is chosen to be the hydrant where the normal static
pressure will be observed with the other hydrants in the group closed,and where the residual pressure will be
observed with the other hydrants flowing.
B1003.4 This hydrant is chosen so it will be located between the hydrant to be flowed and the large mains
that constitute the immediate sources of water supply in the area. All reports shall include layout diagrams
cirnilar to that shown in Figure B1003.4, test layouts are indicated showing the residual hydrant designated
with the letter R and hydrants to be flowed with the letter F.
B1003.5 The number of hydrants to be used in any test depends upon the strength of the distribution system
in the vicinity of the test location as approved by the AHJ.
B1003.6 To obtain satisfactory test results of theoretical calculation of expected flows or rated capacities,
sufficient discharge should be achieved to cause a drop in pressure at the residual hydrant of at least 25
percent,or to flow the total demand necessary for providing fire suppression services in a fire emergency.
B1003.7 If the mains are small and the system weak,only one or two hydrants need to be flowed.
B1003.8 If,on the other hand,the mains are large and the system strong,it may be necessary to flow as many
as seven or eight hydrants.
Page 11 of 30
FIGURE B1003.4 Suggested Test Layout for Hydrants.
F2
Ft
One flow hydrant One or two flow hydrants
•
F3
Fj R F2 Fi R F2
Fg s Fd
One to three flow hydrants One io four flow hydrants
Arrows imdicate diroction of flow. R real hydrant F—flow hydrant
Section 1004 Equipment.
1004.1 The equipment necessary for field work consists of the following:
(1) A single 200 psi(14 bar)bourdon pressure gauge with 1 psi(0.0689 bar)graduations.
(2) A number of pitot tubes.
(3) Hydrant wrenches.
(4) 50 or 60 psi (3.5 or 4.0 bar) bourdon pressure gauges with 1 psi (0.0689 bar) graduations, and scales
with 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) graduations [One pitot tube, a 50 or 60 psi (3.5 or 4.0 bar) gauge, a hydrant
wrench,a scale for each hydrant to be flowed].
(5) A special hydrant cap tapped with a hole into which a short length of'/a in. (6.35 mm) brass pipe is
fitted;this pipe is provided with a T connection for the 200 psi(14 bar) gauge and a cock at the end
for relieving air pressure or equivalent as approved by the AHJ.
1004.2 All pressure gauges should be calibrated at least every 12 months, or more frequently depending on
use.
1004.3 When more than one hydrant is flowed,it is desirable and could be necessary to use portable radios to
facilitate communication between team members.
1004.4 It is preferred to use stream straightener with a known coefficient of discharge when testing hydrants
due to a more streamlined flow and more accurate pitot reading.
Page 12 of 30
Section B1005 Test Procedure.
B1005.1 In a typical test, the 200 psi (14 bar) gauge is attached to one of the 21/2 in. (6.4 cm) outlets of the
residual hydrant using the special cap.
B1005.2 The cock on the gauge piping is opened,and the hydrant valve is opened full.
B1005.3 As soon as the air is exhausted from the barrel,the cock is closed.
B1005.4 A reading(static pressure)is taken when the needle comes to rest.
B1005.5 At a given signal, each of the other hydrants is opened in succession, with discharge taking place
directly from the open hydrant butts.
B1005.6 Hydrants should be opened one at a time.
B1005.7 With all hydrants flowing,water should be allowed to flow for a sufficient time to clear all debris and
foreign substances from the stream(s).
B1005.8 At that time,a signal is given to the people at the hydrants to read the pitot pressure of the streams
simultaneously while the residual pressure is being read.
B1005.9 The final magnitude of the pressure drop can be controlled by the number of hydrants used and the
number of outlets opened on each.
B1005.10 After the readings have been taken,hydrants should be shut down slowly, one at a time,to prevent
undue surges in the system.
Section B1006 Pitot Readings.
B1006.1 When measuring discharge from open hydrant butts, it is always preferable from the standpoint of
accuracy to use 2'/z in. (6.4 cm) outlets rather than pumper outlets.
B1006.2 In practically all cases, the 21/2 in. (6.4 cm) outlets are filled across the entire cross-section during
flow,while in the case of the larger outlets there is very frequently a void near the bottom.
B1006.3 When measuring the pitot pressure of a stream of practically uniform velocity,the orifice in the pitot
tube is held downstream approximately one-half the diameter of the hydrant outlet or nozzle opening,and in
the center of the stream. (See Figure B1006.3.)
FIGURE B1006.3 Pitot Tube Position.
Pressure gauge Water stream
■_ 1
-741 Pitot orifice
I
Air-release cock
Blade $ D
E Hydrant outlet or
nozzle opening
1
Page 13 of 30
B1006.4 The center line of the orifice should be at right angles to the plane of the face of the hydrant outlet.
B1006.5 The air chamber on the pitot tube should be kept elevated.
B1006.6 Pitot readings of less than 10 psi (0.7 bar) and more than 30 psi (2.0 bar) should be avoided, if
possible.
B1006.7 Opening additional hydrant outlets will aid in controlling the pitot reading.
B1006.8 With dry barrel hydrants, the hydrant valve should be wide open to minimize problems with
underground drain valves. (See Figure B1006.3.)
B1006.9 With wet barrel hydrants, the valve for the flowing outlet should be wide open to give a more
streamlined flow and a more accurate pitot reading. (See Figure B1006.3.)
Section B1007 Determination of Discharge.
B1007.1 At the hydrants used for flow during the test, the discharges from the open butts are determined
from measurements of the diameter of the outlets flowed,the pitot pressure (velocity head) of the streams as
indicated by the pitot gauge readings, and the coefficient of the outlet being flowed as determined from
Figure B1007.1.
FIGURE B1007.1 Three General Types of Hydrant Outlets and Their Coefficients of Discharge.
///W.- s\ vtet%\\\?,
j4
Outlet smooth Outlet square Outlet square and
and rounded and sharp projecting into barrel
(coef. 0.90) (coef. 0.80) (coef.0.70)
B1007.2 If flow tubes (stream straighteners) are being utilized, a coefficient of 0.95 is suggested unless the
coefficient of the tube is known.
B1007.3 The formula used to compute the discharge,Q,in gpm from these measurements is as follows:
Q =29.84(1= p
where:
c= coefficient of discharge(see Figure B1007.1)
d = diameter of the outlet in inches
p = pitot pressure(velocity head)in psi
Page 14 of 30
B1008 Use of Pumper Outlets.
B1008.1 If it is necessary to use a pumper outlet, and flow tubes (stream straighteners) are not available, the
best results are obtained with the pitot pressure (velocity head) maintained between 5 psi and 10 psi (0.3 bar
and 0.7 bar). The use of pumper outlets shall require prior approval by the AHJ.
B1008.2 For pumper outlets, the approximate discharge can be computed from Equation B1007.3 using the
pitot pressure (velocity head) at the center of the stream and multiplying the result by one of the coefficients
in Table B1008.2,depending upon the pitot pressure (velocity head).
Table B1008.2 Pumper Outlet Coefficients
Pitot Pressure
(Velocity Head)
psi bar Coefficient
2 0.14 0.97
3 0.21 0.92
4 0.28 0.89
5 0.35 0.86
6 0.41 0.84
7 and Over 0.48 and Over 0.83
B1008.3 These coefficients are applied in addition to the coefficient in Equation 4.7.3 and are for average-
type hydrants.
Section B1009 Determination of Discharge Without a Pitot.
B1009.1 If a pitot tube is not available for use to measure the hydrant discharge,a 50 or 60 psi(3.5 or 4.0 bar)
gauge tapped into a hydrant cap can be used. This method requires prior approval by the AHJ.
B1009.2 The hydrant cap with gauge attached is placed on one outlet, and the flow is allowed to take place
through the other outlet at the same elevation.
B1009.3 The readings obtained from a gauge so located, and the readings obtained from a gauge on a pitot
tube held in the stream,are approximately the same.
Section B1010 Calculation Results.
B1010.1 The discharge in gpm (L/min) for each outlet flowed is obtained from Table B1010.1(a) and Table
B1010.1(b) or by the use of Equation B1007.3.
Table B1010.1(a) Theoretical Discharge Through Circular Orifices (U.S. Gallons of Water per Minute)
Pitot Velocity Orifice Size(in.)
Pressure* Discharge
(psi) Feett (ft/sec) 2 2.25 2.375 2.5 2.625 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.5
1 2.31 12.20 119 151 168 187 206 226 269 315 366 420 477 604
2 4.61 17.25 169 214 238 264 291 319 380 446 517 593 675 855
3 6.92 21.13 207 262 292 323 356 391 465 546 633 727 827 1047
4 9.23 24.39 239 302 337 373 411 451 537 630 731 839 955 1209
5 11.54 27.26 267 338 376 417 460 505 601 705 817 938 1068 1351
6 13.84 29.87 292 370 412 457 504 553 658 772 895 1028 1169 1480
7 16.15 32.26 316 400 445 493 544 597 711 834 967 1110 1263 1599
Page 15 of 30
Table B1010.1(a) Theoretical Discharge Through Circular Orifices(U.S.Gallons of Water per Minute)-continued
Pitot Velocity Orifice Size(in.)
Pressure* Discharge
(psi) Feet¢ (ft/sec) 2 2.25 2.375 2.5 2.625 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.5
8 18.46 34.49 338 427 476 528 582 638 760 891 1034 1187 1350 1709
9 20.76 36.58 358 453 505 560 617 677 806 946 1097 1259 1432 1813
10 23.07 38.56 377 478 532 590 650 714 849 997 1156 1327 1510 1911
11 25.38 40.45 396 501 558 619 682 748 891 1045 1212 1392 1583 2004
12 27.68 42.24 413 523 583 646 712 782 930 1092 1266 1454 1654 2093
13 29.99 43.97 430 545 607 672 741 814 968 1136 1318 1513 1721 2179
14 32.30 45.63 447 565 630 698 769 844 1005 1179 1368 1570 1786 2261
15 34.61 47.22 462 585 652 722 796 874 1040 1221 1416 1625 1849 2340
16 36.91 48.78 477 604 673 746 822 903 1074 1261 1462 1679 1910 2417
17 39.22 50.28 492 623 694 769 848 930 1107 1300 1507 1730 1969 2491
18 41.53 51.73 506 641 714 791 872 957 1139 1337 1551 1780 2026 2564
19 43.83 53.15 520 658 734 813 896 984 1171 1374 1593 1829 2081 2634
20 46.14 54.54 534 676 753 834 920 1009 1201 1410 1635 1877 2135 2702
22 50.75 57.19 560 709 789 875 964 1058 1260 1478 1715 1968 2239 2834
24 55.37 59.74 585 740 825 914 1007 1106 1316 1544 1791 2056 2339 2960
26 59.98 62.18 609 770 858 951 1048 1151 1369 1607 1864 2140 2434 3081
28 64.60 64.52 632 799 891 987 1088 1194 1421 1668 1934 2220 2526 3197
30 69.21 66.79 654 827 922 1022 1126 1236 1471 1726 2002 2298 2615 3310
32 73.82 68.98 675 855 952 1055 1163 1277 1519 1783 2068 2374 2701 3418
34 78.44 71.10 696 881 981 1087 1199 1316 1566 1838 2131 2447 2784 3523
36 83.05 73.16 716 906 1010 1119 1234 1354 1611 1891 2193 2518 2865 3626
38 87.67 75.17 736 931 1038 1150 1268 1391 1656 1943 2253 2587 2943 3725
40 92.28 77.11 755 955 1065 1180 1300 1427 1699 1993 2312 2654 3020 3822
42 96.89 79.03 774 979 1091 1209 1333 1462 1740 2043 2369 2719 3094 3916
44 101.51 80.88 792 1002 1116 1237 1364 1497 1781 2091 2425 2783 3167 4008
46 106.12 82.70 810 1025 1142 1265 1395 1531 1821 2138 2479 2846 3238 4098
48 110.74 84.48 827 1047 1166 1292 1425 1563 1861 2184 2533 2907 3308 4186
50 115.35 86.22 844 1068 1190 1319 1454 1596 1899 2229 2585 2967 3376 4273
52 119.96 87.93 861 1089 1214 1345 1483 1627 1937 2273 2636 3026 3443 4357
54 124.58 89.61 877 1110 1237 1370 1511 1658 1974 2316 2686 3084 3508 4440
56 129.19 91.20 893 1130 1260 1396 1539 1689 2010 2359 2735 3140 3573 4522
58 133.81 92.87 909 1150 1282 1420 1566 1719 2045 2400 2784 3196 3636 4602
60 138.42 94.45 925 1170 1304 1445 1593 1748 2080 2441 2831 3250 3698 4681
62 143.03 96.01 940 1189 1325 1469 1619 1777 2115 2482 2878 3304 3759 4758
64 147.65 97.55 955 1209 1347 1492 1645 1805 2148 2521 2924 3357 3820 4834
66 152.26 99.07 970 1227 1367 1515 1670 1833 2182 2561 2970 3409 3879 4909
68 156.88 100.55 984 1246 1388 1538 1696 1861 2215 2599 3014 3460 3937 4983
70 161.49 102.03 999 1264 1408 1560 1720 1888 2247 2637 3058 3511 3995 5056
72 166.10 103.47 1013 1282 1428 1583 1745 1915 2279 2674 3102 3561 4051 5127
74 170.72 104.90 1027 1300 1448 1604 1769 1941 2310 2711 3144 3610 4107 5198
76 175.33 106.30 1041 1317 1467 1626 1793 1967 2341 2748 3187 3658 4162 5268
78 179.95 107.69 1054 1334 1487 1647 1816 1993 2372 2784 3228 3706 4217 5337
80 184.56 109.08 1068 1351 1505 1668 1839 2018 2402 2819 3269 3753 4270 5405
82 189.17 110.42 1081 1368 1524 1689 1862 2043 2432 2854 3310 3800 4323 5472
84 193.79 111.76 1094 1385 1543 1709 1885 2068 2461 2889 3350 3846 4376 5538
86 198.40 113.08 1107 1401 1561 1730 1907 2093 2491 2923 3390 3891 4428 5604
88 203.02 114.39 1120 1417 1579 1750 1929 2117 2519 2957 3429 3936 4479 5668
90 207.63 115.68 1132 1433 1597 1769 1951 2141 2548 2990 3468 3981 4529 5733
Page 16 of 30
Table B1010.1(a) Theoretical Discharge Through Circular Orifices(U.S.Gallons of Water per Minute)-continued
Pitot Velocity Orifice Size(in.)
Pressure* Discharge
(psi) Feat (ft/sec) 2 2.25 2.375 2.5 2.625 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.5
92 212.24 116.96 1145 1449 1614 1789 1972 2165 12576 3023 3506 4025 4579 5796
94 216.86 118.23 1157 1465 1632 1808 1994 2188 2604 3056 3544 4068 4629 5859
96 221.47 119.48 1169 1480 1649 1827 2015 2211 2631 3088 3582 4111 4678 5921
98 226.09 120.71 1182 1495 1666 1846 2035 2234 2659 3120 3619 4154 4726 5982
100 230.70 121.94 1194 1511 1683 1865 2056 2257 2686 3152 3655 4196 4774 6043
102 235.31 123.15 1205 1526 1700 1884 2077 2279 2712 3183 3692 4238 4822 6103
104 239.93 124.35 1217 1541 1716 1902 2097 2301 2739 3214 3728 4279 4869 6162
106 244.54 125.55 1229 1555 1733 1920 2117 2323 2765 3245 3763 4320 4916 6221
108 249.16 126.73 1240 1570 1749 1938 2137 2345 2791 3275 3799 4361 4962 6280
110 253.77 127.89 1252 1584 1765 1956 2157 2367 2817 3306 3834 4401 5007 6338
112 258.38 129.05 1263 1599 1781 1974 2176 2388 2842 3336 3869 4441 5053 6395
114 263.00 130.20 1274 1613 1797 1991 2195 2409 2867 3365 3903 4480 5098 6452
116 267.61 131.33 1286 1627 1813 2009 2215 2430 2892 3395 3937 4519 5142 6508
118 272.23 132.46 1297 1641 1828 2026 2234 2451 2917 3424 3971 4558 5186 6564
120 276.84 133.57 1308 1655 1844 2043 2252 2472 2942 3453 4004 4597 5230 6619
122 281.45 134.69 1318 1669 1859 2060 2271 2493 2966 3481 4038 4635 5273 6674
124 286.07 135.79 1329 1682 1874 2077 2290 2513 2991 3510 4070 4673 5317 6729
126 290.68 136.88 1340 1696 1889 2093 2308 2533 3015 3538 4103 4710 5359 6783
128 295.30 137.96 1350 1709 1904 2110 2326 2553 3038 3566 4136 4748 5402 6836
130 299.91 139.03 1361 1722 1919 2126 2344 2573 3062 3594 4168 4784 5444 6890
132 304.52 140.10 1371 1736 1934 2143 2362 2593 3086 3621 4200 4821 5485 6942
134 309.14 141.16 1382 1749 1948 2159 2380 2612 3109 3649 4231 4858 5527 6995
136 313.75 142.21 1392 1762 1963 2175 2398 2632 3132 3676 4263 4894 5568 7047
Notes:
(1)This table is computed from the formula
Q =29.84cd' p
,with c=1.00. The theoretical discharge of seawater,as from fireboat nozzles,can be found by subtracting 1 percent from the
figures in Table B1010.2.1,or from the formula
Q =29.&1x/` i;
(2)Appropriate coefficient should be applied where it is read from hydrant outlet. Where more accurate results are required,a coefficient appropriate
on the particular nozzle must be selected and applied to the figures of the table. The discharge from circular openings of sizes other than those in the
table can readily be computed by applying the principle that quantity discharged under a given head varies as the square of the diameter of the opening.
*This pressure corresponds to velocity head.
t1 psi=2.307 ft of water. For pressure in bars,multiply by 0.01.
Table B1010.1(b) Theoretical Discharge Through Circular Orifices (Liters of Water per Minute)
Pitot Velocity Orifice Size(in.)
Pressure* Discharge
(kPa) Metersf (m/sec) 51 57 60 64 67 70 76 83 89 95 101 114
6.89 0.70 3.72 455 568 629 716 785 857 1010 1204 1385 1578 1783 2272
13.8 1.41 5.26 644 804 891 1013 1111 1212 1429 1704 1960 2233 2524 3215
20.7 2.11 6.44 788 984 1091 1241 1360 1485 1750 2087 2400 2735 3091 3938
27.6 2.81 7.43 910 1137 1260 1433 1571 1714 2021 2410 2771 3158 3569 4547
34.5 3.52 8.31 1017 1271 1408 1602 1756 1917 2259 2695 3099 3530 3990 5084
41.4 4.22 9.10 1115 1392 1543 1755 1924 2100 2475 2952 3394 3867 4371 5569
48.3 4.92 9.83 1204 1504 1666 1896 2078 2268 2673 3189 3666 4177 4722 6015
55.2 5.63 10.51 1287 1608 1781 2027 2221 2425 2858 3409 3919 4466 5048 6431
62.0 6.33 11.15 1364 1704 1888 2148 2354 2570 3029 3613 4154 4733 5349 6815
68.9 7.03 11.75 1438 1796 1990 2264 2482 2709 3193 3808 4379 4989 5639 7184
Page 17 of 30
Table B1010.1(b) Theoretical Discharge Through Circular Orifices(Liters of Water per Minute)-continued
Pitot Velocity Orifice Size in.
Pressure* II ischarge
kPa Meterst m/sec 51 57 60 64 67 70 76 83 89 95 101 114
75.8 7.73 12.33 1508 1884 2087 2375 2603 2841 3349 3995 4593 5233 5915 7536
82.7 8.44 12.87 1575 1968 2180 2481 2719 2968 3498 4172 4797 5466 6178 7871
96.5 9.84 13.91 1702 2126 2355 2680 2937 3206 3779 4507 5182 5905 6674 8503
103 10.55 14.39 1758 2196 2433 2769 3034 3312 3904 4656 5354 6100 6895 8784
110 11.25 14.87 1817 2269 2515 2861 3136 3423 4035 4812 5533 6304 7125 9078
117 11.95 15.33 1874 2341 2593 2951 3234 3530 4161 4963 5706 6502 7349 9362
124 12.66 15.77 1929 2410 2670 3038 3329 3634 4284 5109 5874 6693 7565 9638
131 13.36 16.20 1983 2477 2744 3122 3422 3735 4403 5251 6038 6880 7776 9906
138 14.06 16.62 2035 2542 2817 3205 3512 3834 4519 5390 6197 7061 7981 10168
152 15.47 17.43 2136 2668 2956 3363 3686 4023 4743 5657 6504 7410 8376 10671
165 16.88 18.21 2225 2779 3080 3504 3840 4192 4941 5893 6776 7721 8727 11118
179 18.28 18.95 2318 2895 3208 3650 4000 4366 5147 6138 7058 8042 9090 11580
193 19.69 19.67 2407 3006 3331 3790 4153 4534 5344 6374 7329 8350 9438 12024
207 21.10 20.36 2492 3113 3450 3925 4301 4695 5535 6601 7590 8648 9775 12453
221 22.50 21.03 2575 3217 3564 4055 4444 4851 5719 6821 7842 8935 10100 12867
234 23.91 21.67 2650 3310 3668 4173 4573 4992 5884 7018 8070 9195 10393 13240
248 25.31 22.30 2728 3408 3776 4296 4708 5139 6058 7225 8308 9466 10699 13630
262 26.72 22.91 2804 3502 3881 4416 4839 5282 6227 7426 8539 9729 10997 14010
276 28.13 23.50 2878 3595 3983 4532 4967 5422 6391 7622 8764 9986 11287 14379
290 29.53 24.09 2950 3685 4083 4646 5091 5557 6551 7813 8984 10236 11570 14740
303 30.94 24.65 3015 3767 4173 4748 5204 5681 6696 7986 9183 10463 11826 15066
317 32.35 25.21 3084 3853 4269 4857 5323 5810 6849 8169 9393 10702 12096 15410
331 33.75 25.75 3152 3937 4362 4963 5439 5937 6999 8347 9598 10935 12360 15747
345 35.16 26.28 3218 4019 4453 5067 5553 6061 7145 8522 9799 11164 12619 16077
358 36.57 26.80 3278 4094 4536 5161 5657 6175 7279 8681 9981 11373 12855 16377
372 37.97 27.31 3341 4173 4624 5261 5766 6294 7419 8849 10175 11593 13104 16694
386 39.38 27.80 3403 4251 4711 5360 5874 6412 7558 9014 10364 11809 13348 17005
400 40.78 28.31 3465 4328 4795 5456 5979 6527 7694 9176 10551 12021 13588 17311
414 42.19 28.79 3525 4403 4878 5551 6083 6640 7827 9335 10734 12230 13823 17611
427 43.60 29.26 3580 4471 4954 5637 6178 6743 7949 9481 10901 12420 14039 17885
441 45.00 29.73 3638 4544 5035 5729 6278 6853 8078 9635 11078 12622 14267 18176
455 46.41 30.20 3695 4616 5114 5819 6377 6961 8206 9787 11253 12821 14492 18462
469 47.82 30.65 3751 4686 5192 5908 6475 7067 8331 9936 11425 13017 14713 18744
483 49.22 31.10 3807 4756 5269 5995 6570 7172 8454 10083 11594 13210 14931 19022
496 50.63 31.54 3858 4819 5340 6075 6658 7268 8567 10218 11749 13386 15131 19276
510 52.03 31.97 3912 4887 5415 6161 6752 7370 8687 10361 11913 13574 15343 19547
524 53.44 32.71 3965 4953 5488 6245 6844 7470 8806 10503 12076 13759 15552 19813
538 54.85 32.82 4018 5019 5561 6327 6934 7569 8923 10642 12236 13942 15758 20076
552 56.25 33.25 4070 5084 5633 6409 7024 7667 9038 10780 12394 14122 15962 20335
565 57.66 33.66 4118 5143 5699 6484 7106 7757 9144 10906 12539 14287 16149 20573
579 59.07 34.06 4168 5207 5769 6564 7194 7853 9256 11040 12694 14463 16348 20827
593 60.47 34.47 4218 5269 5839 6643 7280 7947 9368 11173 12846 14637 16544 21077
607 61.88 34.87 4268 5331 5907 6721 7366 8040 9478 11304 12997 14809 16738 21324
620 63.29 35.26 4313 5388 5970 6793 7444 8126 9578 11424 13136 14966 16917 21552
634 64.69 35.65 4362 5448 6037 6869 7528 8217 9686 11552 13283 15134 17107 21794
648 66.10 36.04 4410 5508 6103 6944 7610 8307 9792 11679 13429 15301 17294 22033
662 67.50 36.42 4457 5567 6169 7019 7692 8397 9898 11805 13573 15465 17480 22270
676 68.91 36.79 4504 5626 6234 7093 7773 8485 10002 11929 13716 15628 17664 22504
Page 18 of 30
Table B1010.1(b) Theoretical Discharge Through Circular Orifices(Liters of Water per Minute)-continued
Pitot Velocity Orifice Size(in.)
Pressure* Discharge
(kPa) Meterst (m/sec) 51 57 60 64 67 70 76 83 89 95 101 114
689 70.32 37.17 4547 5680 6293 7161 7848 8566 10097 12043 13847 15777 17833 22719
703 71.72 37.54 4593 5737 6357 7233 7927 8653 10200 12165 13987 15937 18013 22949
717 73.13 37.90 4638 5794 6420 7305 8005 8738 10301 12285 14126 16095 18192 23176
731 74.54 38.27 4684 5850 6482 7376 8083 8823 10401 12405 14263 16251 18369 23401
745 75.94 38.63 4728 5906 6544 7446 8160 8907 10500 12523 14399 16406 18544 23624
758 77.35 38.98 4769 5957 6601 7510 8231 8985 10591 12632 14524 16548 18705 23830
772 78.76 39.33 4813 6012 6662 7580 8307 9067 10688 12748 14658 16701 18877 24049
786 80.16 39.68 4857 6066 6722 7648 8382 9149 10785 12863 14790 16851 19047 24266
800 81.57 40.03 4900 6120 6781 7716 8456 9230 10880 12977 14921 17001 19216 24481
813 82.97 40.37 4939 6170 6836 7778 8525 9305 10968 13082 15042 17138 19371 24679
827 84.38 40.71 4982 6223 6895 7845 8598 9385 11063 13194 15171 17285 19538 24891
841 85.79 41.05 5024 6275 6953 7911 8670 9464 11156 13305 15299 17431 19702 25100
855 87.19 41.39 5065 6327 7011 7977 8742 9542 11248 13416 15425 17575 19866 25309
869 88.60 41.72 5107 6379 7068 8042 8813 9620 11340 13525 15551 17719 20028 25515
882 90.01 42.05 5145 6426 7121 8102 8879 9692 11424 13626 15667 17851 20177 25705
896 91.41 42.38 5185 6477 7177 8166 8949 9768 11515 13734 15791 17992 20336 25908
910 92.82 42.70 5226 6527 7233 8229 9019 9844 11604 13840 15914 18132 20495 26110
924 94.23 43.03 5266 6577 7288 8292 9088 9920 11693 13947 16036 18271 20652 26310
938 95.63 43.35 5305 6627 7343 8355 9156 9995 11782 14052 16157 18409 20807 26509
Notes:
(1)This table is computed from the formula
Q =29.841.1! p
,with c=1.00. The theoretical discharge of seawater,as from fireboat nozzles,can be found by subtracting 1 percent from the
figures in Table 4.10.2.1,or from the formula
Q =29.841/24T
(2)Appropriate coefficient should be applied where it is read from the hydrant outlet. Where more accurate results are required,a coefficient
appropriate on the particular nozzle must be selected and applied to the figures of the table. The discharge from circular openings of sizes other than
those in the table can readily be computed by applying the principle that quantity discharged under a given head varies as the square of the diameter of
the opening.
*This pressure corresponds to velocity head.
ti kPa=0.102 m of water. For pressure in bars,multiply by 0.01.
1010.1.1 If more than one outlet is used,the discharges from all are added to obtain the total discharge.
1010.1.2 The formula that is generally used to compute the discharge at the specified residual pressure or for
any desired pressure drop is Equation 1010.1.2:
_
l osa
r
Qti X11
where:
QR= flow predicted at desired residual pressure
QF= total flow measured during test
hr= pressure drop to desired residual pressure
hf= pressure drop measured during test
1010.1.3 In this equation, any units of discharge or pressure drop may be used as long as the same units are
used for each value of the same variable.
Page 19 of 30
1010.1.4 In other words,if QR is expressed in gpm, QF must be in gpm,and if hr is expressed in psi,hf must
be expressed in psi.
1010.1.5 These are the units that are normally used in applying Equation 1010.1.2 to fire flow test
computations.
Section 1010.2 Discharge Calculations from Table.
1010.2.1 One means of solving this equation without the use of logarithms is by using Table 1010.2.1,which
gives the values of the 0.54 power of the numbers from 1 to 175.
Table 1010.2.1 Values of h to the 0.54 Power
h ho.54 h ho.54 h h0.54 h ho.54 h h9.54
1 1.00 36 6.93 71 9.99 106 12.41 141 14.47
2 1.45 37 7.03 72 10.07 107 12.47 142 14.53
3 1.81 38 7.13 73 10.14 108 12.53 143 14.58
4 2.11 39 7.23 74 10.22 109 12.60 144 14.64
5 2.39 40 7.33 75 10.29 110 12.66 145 14.69
6 2.63 41 7.43 76 10.37 111 12.72 146 14.75
7 2.86 42 7.53 77 10.44 112 12.78 147 14.80
8 3.07 43 7.62 78 10.51 113 12.84 148 14.86
9 3.28 44 7.72 79 10.59 114 12.90 149 14.91
10 3.47 45 7.81 80 10.66 115 12.96 150 14.97
11 3.65 46 7.91 81 10.73 116 13.03 151 15.02
12 3.83 47 8.00 82 10.80 117 13.09 152 15.07
13 4.00 48 8.09 83 10.87 118 13.15 153 15.13
14 4.16 49 8.18 84 10.94 119 13.21 154 15.18
15 4.32 50 8.27 85 11.01 120 13.27 155 15.23
16 4.48 51 8.36 86 11.08 121 13.33 156 15.29
17 4.62 52 8.44 87 11.15 122 13.39 157 15.34
18 4.76 53 8.53 88 11.22 123 13.44 158 15.39
19 4.90 54 8.62 89 11.29 124 13.50 159 15.44
20 5.04 55 8.71 90 11.36 125 13.56 160 15.50
21 5.18 56 8.79 91 11.43 126 13.62 161 15.55
22 5.31 57 8.88 92 11.49 127 13.68 162 15.60
23 5.44 58 8.96 93 11.56 128 13.74 163 15.65
24 5.56 59 9.04 94 11.63 129 13.80 164 15.70
25 5.69 60 9.12 95 11.69 130 13.85 165 15.76
26 5.81 61 9.21 96 11.76 131 13.91 166 15.81
27 5.93 62 9.29 97 11.83 132 13.97 167 15.86
28 6.05 63 9.37 98 11.89 133 14.02 168 15.91
29 6.16 64 9.45 99 11.96 134 14.08 169 15.96
30 6.28 65 9.53 100 12.02 135 14.14 170 16.01
31 6.39 66 9.61 101 12.09 136 14.19 171 16.06
32 6.50 67 9.69 102 12.15 137 14.25 172 16.11
33 6.61 68 9.76 103 12.22 138 14.31 173 16.16
34 6.71 69 9.84 104 12.28 139 14.36 174 16.21
35 6.82 70 9.92 105 12.34 140 14.42 175 16.26
Page 20 of 30
1010.2.2 Knowing the values of hf,hr, and QF, the values of h f°•54 and hr°54 can be read from the table and
Equation 1010.1.2 solved for QR.
1010.2.3 Results are usually carried to the nearest 100 gpm (380 L/min) for discharges of 1000 gpm (3800
L/min) or more, and to the nearest 50 gpm (190 L/min) for smaller discharges,which is as close as can be
justified by the degree of accuracy of the field observations.
1010.2.4 Insert in Equation 1010.1.2 the values of hr°54 and h f°.54 determined from the table and the value of
QF,and solve the equation for QR.
Section 1011 Data Sheet.
1011.1 The data secured during the testing of hydrants for uniform marking can be valuable for other
purposes.
1011.2 With this in mind, it is suggested that the form shown in Figure 1011.2 or a similar form be used to
record information that is taken and the form(s)used shall be submitted to the AHJ.
FIGURE 1011.2 Sample Report of a Hydrant Flow Test.
Hydrant Flow Test Report
Location Date
Test made by Time
Representative of
Witness
State purpose of test
Consumption rate during test
If pumps affect test,indicate pumps operating
Flow hydrants: A A2 A3 A4
Size nozzle
Pitot reading
Discharge coefficient Total qpm
gpm
Static B psi Residual B psi
Projected results 020 psi Residual_gpm; or Q—psi Residual_ gpm
Remarks
Location map:Show line sizes and dks1ance to next cross-connected kne.Show vatr>3s and
hydrant branch size,Indrcato north.Show doming hydrants—Label At.A2.A3.A4.Show
Location of static and residual—Label B.
Indicate B Hydrant Sprinkler Other(identity)
Page 21 of 30
1011.3 The back of the form should include a location sketch or on a separate form and the form(s) used shall
be submitted to the AHJ.
1011.4 Results of the flow test should be indicated on a hydraulic graph, such as the one shown in Figure
1011.4.
FIGURE 1011.4 Sample Graph Sheet.
120
(827)
110
(758)
100
(689)
90
(621)
80
(552)
a 70
'O (483)
•N
a 60
a (414)
a 50
e (345)
a.
40
(276)
30
(207)
20
(138)
10 ,
(69)
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
(378.5)(757)(1136)(1514)(1893) (2271) (2650) (3028) (3407) (3785)
01.85 Flow.gpm(Umin)(Multiply this scale by
1011.5 When the tests are complete,the forms should be filed for future reference by interested parties.
1012 System Corrections.
1012.1 It must be remembered that flow test results show the strength of the distribution system and do not
necessarily indicate the degree of adequacy of the entire water works system.
1012.2 Consider a system supplied by pumps at one location and having no elevated storage.
1012.3 If the pressure at the pump station drops during the test,it is an indication that the distribution system
is capable of delivering more than the pumps can deliver at their normal operating pressure.
1012.4 It is necessary to use a value for the drop in pressure for the test that is equal to the actual drop
obtained in the field during the test,minus the drop in discharge pressure at the pumping station.
1012.5 If sufficient pumping capacity is available at the station and the discharge pressure could be maintained
by operating additional pumps,the water system as a whole could deliver the computed quantity.
1012.6 If, however, additional pumping units are not available, the distribution system would be capable of
delivering the computed quantity,but the water system as a whole would be limited by the pumping capacity.
Page 22 of 30
1012.7 The portion of the pressure drop for which a correction can be made for tests on systems with storage
is generally estimated upon the basis of a study of all the tests made and the pressure drops observed on the
recording gauge at the station for each.
1012.8 The corrections may vary from very substantial portions of the observed pressure drops for tests near
the pumping station,to zero for tests remote from the station.
Section 2000 Marking of Hydrants
2001 Classification of Hydrants. Hydrants should be classified in accordance with their rated capacities [at
20 psi(1.4 bar)residual pressure or other designated value] as follows:
(1) Class AA—Rated capacity of 1500 gpm(5680 L/min) or greater
(2) Class A—Rated capacity of 1000-1499 gpm(3785-5675 L/min)
(3) Class B—Rated capacity of 500-999 gpm(1900-3780 L/min)
(4) Class C—Rated capacity of less than 500 gpm(1900 L/min)
(5) Class D—Rated capacity of less than 250 gpm(950 L/min)is considered nonfunctioning.
Section 2002 Marking of Hydrants.
2002.1 Public Hydrants.
2002.1.1 All new and existing barrels are to be silver in color and be of a reflective-type paint.
2002.1.2 All new and existing tops and nozzle caps shall be painted with the following capacity-indicating
color scheme to provide simplicity and consistency with colors used in signal work for safety, danger, and
intermediate condition:
(1) Class AA—Light blue
(2) Class A—Green
(3) Class B—Orange
(4) Class C—Red
(5) Class D—Black
2002.1.3 For rapid identification at night,it is required that the capacity colors be of a reflective-type paint.
2002.1.4 Hydrants rated at less than 20 psi (1.4 bar) shall have the rated pressure stenciled in black or a
contrasting color on the hydrant top.
2002.1.5 In addition to the painted top and nozzle caps,it can be advantageous to stencil the rated capacity of
high-volume hydrants on the top.
2002.1.6 The classification and marking of hydrants provided for in this chapter anticipate determination
based on individual flow test.
2002.1.7 Where a group of hydrants can be used at the time of a fire, some special marking designating
group-flow capacity may be desirable.
2002.2 Permanently Inoperative Hydrants. Public and private fire hydrants or any device having the
appearance of a fire hydrant that are permanently inoperative or unusable shall be replaced as soon as
reasonably possible.
Page 23 of 30
2002.3 Temporarily Inoperative Hydrants. Public and private fire hydrants or any device having the
appearance of a fire hydrant that are temporarily inoperative or unusable should be wrapped or otherwise
provided with temporary indication of their condition and repaired or replaced as soon as reasonably
possible.
2002.4 Flush Hydrants. Location markers for new and existing flush hydrants should carry the same
background color as stated above for class indication, with such other data stenciled thereon as deemed
necessary.
2002.5 Private Hydrants. Marking on all new and existing private hydrants or any device having the
appearance of a fire hydrant on or adjacent to fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with Section
2001 and Section 2002.1.2 through 2002.1.4. When private hydrants are located on public or private streets,
the hydrant barrels should be painted red,or some other color,to distinguish them from public hydrants.
Appendix C
Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution
Section C101 General
C101.1 Scope. Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with this appendix and section 508.5 for the
protection of buildings,or portions of buildings,hereafter constructed.
Section C102 Location
C102.1 Fire hydrant locations. Fire hydrants shall not be installed at the end of dead-end streets or roads.
Fire hydrants shall be provided within 100 feet (30 480 mm) on the approach to a fire department
connection. Fire hydrants shall be provided along required fire apparatus access roads and adjacent public
streets. Fire hydrants shall be accessible by an approved fire apparatus access road.
Section C103 Number of Fire Hydrants
C103.1 Fire hydrants available. The minimum number of fire hydrants available to a building shall not be
less than that listed in Table C105.1 and shall not be less than required to meet the spacing requirements in
section 508.5.1. The number of fire hydrants available to a complex or subdivision shall not be less than that
determined by spacing requirements listed in Table C105.1 when applied to fire apparatus access roads and
perimeter public streets from which fire operations could be conducted.
Section C104 Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants
C104.1 Existing fire hydrants. Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be considered as
available. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties shall not be considered available unless fire apparatus
access roads extend between properties and easements are established to prevent obstruction of such roads.
Section C105 Distribution of Fire Hydrants
C105.1 Hydrant spacing. The average spacing between fire hydrants shall not exceed that listed in Table
C105.1.
Exception: The fire chief is authorized to accept a deficiency of up to 10 percent where existing fire
hydrants provide all or a portion of the required fire hydrant service.
Page 24 of 30
Regardless of the average spacing, fire hydrants shall be located such that all points on streets and access
roads adjacent to a building are within the distances listed in Table C105.1 and shall not be less than required
to meet the spacing requirements in section 508.5.1.
Table C105.1 Number and Distribution of Fire Hydrants
Average Spacing Maximum Distance from
Fire-Flow Requirement Minimum Number Between Hydrantsa,b,e any Point on Street or Road
(gpm) of Hydrants (feet) Frontage to a Hydrantd
1,750 or less 1 450 250
2,000-2,250 2 450 225
2,500 3 450 225
3,000 3 400 225
3,500-4,000 4 350 210
4,500-5,000 5 300 180
5,500 6 300 180
6,000 6 250 150
6,500-7,000 7 250 150
7,500 or more 8 or moree 200 120
For SI: 1 foot=304.8 mm,1 gallon per minute=3.785 L/m.
a. Reduce by 100 feet for dead-end streets or roads.
b. Where streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by fire fighters pulling hose lines,or where arterial streets are
provided with four or more traffic lanes and have a traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day,hydrant spacing shall average 500
feet on each side of the street and be arranged on an alternating basis up to a fire-flow requirement of 7,000 gallons per minute and 400
feet for higher fire-flow requirements.
c. Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for protection of structures or similar fire problems,fire
hydrants shall be provided at spacing not to exceed 500 feet to provide for transportation hazards.
d. Reduce by 50 feet for dead-end streets or roads.
e. One hydrant for each 1,000 gallons per minute or fraction thereof.
Appendix D
Fire Apparatus Access Roads
Section D101 General
D101.1 Scope. Fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with this appendix and all other applicable
requirements of the International Fire Code.
Section D102 Required Access
D102.1 Access and loading. Facilities, buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed shall be
accessible to fire department apparatus by way of an approved fire apparatus access road with an asphalt,
concrete or other approved driving surface capable of supporting the imposed load of fire apparatus weighing
at least 75,000 pounds (34 050 kg).
Section D103 Minimum Specifications
D103.1 Access road width with a hydrant. Where a fire hydrant is located on a fire apparatus access road,
the minimum road width shall be 26 feet(7925 mm). See Figure D103.1. The fire code official is authorized
to increase the minimum width.
Page 25 of 30
Figure D103.1 Dead-End Fire Apparatus Access Road Turnaround
100'
0
20'-a
26•R --� 26'
28'R T P
TYP: 20' 20.--T
26• <—20'
100' DIAMETER 60•"Y" MINIMUM CLEARANCE
CUL-DE-SAC AROUND A FIRE
HYDRANT
60• 16°' 28'R–\\
20'-- �'-
28'R 70'�
TYP.• 20._T
<--26'
f-20'
120' HAMMERHEAD ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE
TO 120'HAMMERHEAD
D103.2 Grade. Fire apparatus access roads shall not exceed 10 percent in grade.
Exception: Grades steeper than 10 percent as approved by the fire chief.
D103.3 Turning radius. The minimum turning radius shall be determined by the fire code official.
D103.4 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) shall be
provided with width and turnaround provisions in accordance with Table D103.4. The fire code official is
authorized to increase the minimum width and length.
Table D103.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR DEAD-END FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS
Length Width
(feet) (feet) Turnarounds Required
0-150 20a None required
151-500 201 120-foot Hammerhead,60-foot"Y" or 96-foot-diameter cul-de-sac in accordance
with Figure D103.1
501-750 26a 120-foot Hammerhead,60-foot"Y" or 96-foot-diameter cul-de-sac in accordance
with Figure D103.1
Over 750 Special approval required
a. The Fire Chief is authorized to increase the minimum width.
For SI: 1 foot=304.8 mm.
D103.5 Fire apparatus access road gates. Gates securing the fire apparatus access roads shall comply with
all of the following criteria:
1. The minimum gate width shall be 20 feet(6096 mm). The fire code official is authorized to increase
the minimum width.
2. Gates shall be of the swinging or sliding type.
3. Construction of gates shall be of materials that allow manual operation by one person.
Page 26 of 30
4. Gate components shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times and replaced or repaired
when defective.
5. Electric gates shall be equipped with a means of opening the gate by fire department personnel for
emergency access. Emergency opening devices shall be approved by the fire code official.
6. Manual opening gates shall not be locked with a padlock or chain and padlock unless they are
capable of being opened by means of forcible entry tools or when a key box containing the key(s) to
the lock is installed at the gate location.
7. Locking device specifications shall be submitted for approval by the fire code official.
D103.6 Signs and markings. Where required by the fire code official,new and existing fire apparatus access
roads shall be marked with permanent NO PARKING—FIRE LANE /TOW–AWAY ZONE markings
and signs complying with Figure D103.6. Markings shall be a minimum 8 inch (203 mm) wide red
background with a minimum 6 inch (153 mm) high white lettering and signs shall have red letters on a white
reflective background and have a minimum dimension of 12 inches (305 mm) wide by 18 inches (457 mm)
high for NO PARKING–FIRE LANE and a minimum dimension of 12 inches (305 mm)wide by 6 inches
(153 mm) high for TOW–AWAY ZONE. Signs shall be posted on one or both sides of the fire apparatus
road as required by Section D103.6.1 or D103.6.2.
Painted curbs and flat stripping shall comply with Figure D103.6. The curb face and top shall be painted
red with the lettering at the top of the curb face with the words " FIRE LANE NO PARKING
TOW-AWAY ZONE" every 40'and a transition to a minimum 8 inch (203 mm) flat stripe at parking areas
and approach ramps,with a minimum 6 inch (153 mm)white lettering.
When signs with arrows are used to indicate the extent of the restricted zones,the signs shall be set at an
angle of not less than 30 degrees nor more than 45 degrees with the line of traffic flow in order to be visible
to approaching traffic. If the signs are mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the curb line, two signs shall be
mounted back to back at the transition point between two parking zones, each with the appended message
THIS SIDE OF SIGN. At intermediate points within a zone, a single sign without any arrow or appended
plaque should be used, facing in the direction of approaching traffic. Otherwise the standards of placement
should be the same as for signs using directional arrows.
Spacing of signs shall be at intervals not exceeding 45 feet (13 716 mm) and based on legibility and sign
orientation. The fire code official is authorized to decrease the minimum distance between signs because of
location on property,topography,obstructions,or other similar conditions.
FIGURE D103.6
FIRE LANE MARKINGS AND SIGNS
FIRE LANE NO PARKING TOW-AWAY ZONE . • FIRE LANE. Na PARKING TOW-AWAY ZONE
4 40'
Lettering
Page 27 of 30
FIGURE D103.6-continued
FIRE LANE MARKINGS AND SIGNS
SIGN TYPE "A" SIGN TYPE "B" SIGN TYPE "C" SIGN TYPE "D"
•
NO NO NO i NO
PARKING :, _; PARKING PARKING . PARKING
18"
FIRE LANE FIRE LANE FIRE LANE 'FIRE LANE
TOW AWAY TOW AWAY I °TOW AWAY i TOW AWAY 6
ZONE ZONE ZONE ZONE
l< 12" 14-- 12" k 12" ›1 14 - 12"
D103.6.1 Roads 20 to 26 feet in width. Fire apparatus access roads 20 to 26 feet wide (6096 to 7925 mm)
shall be posted on both sides as a fire lane.
D103.6.2 Roads more than 26 feet in width. Fire apparatus access roads more than 26 feet wide (7925
mm) to 32 feet wide (9754 mm) shall be posted on one side of the road as a fire lane.
Section D104 Commercial and Industrial Developments
D104.1 Buildings exceeding three stories or 30 feet in height. Buildings or facilities exceeding 30 feet
(9144 mm) or three stories in height shall have at least three means of fire apparatus access for each structure.
D104.2 Buildings exceeding 62,000 square feet in area. Buildings or facilities having a gross building area
of more than 62,000 square feet (5760 m2) shall be provided with two separate and approved fire apparatus
access roads.
Exception: Projects having a gross building area of up to 124,000 square feet (11 520 m2) that have a
single approved fire apparatus access road when all buildings are equipped throughout with approved
automatic sprinkler systems. Only when approved by the AHJ.
D104.3 Remoteness. Where two access roads are required,they shall be placed a distance apart equal to not
less than one half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the property or area to be
served,measured in a straight line between accesses.
Section D105 Aerial Fire Apparatus Access Roads
D105.1 Where required. Buildings or portions of buildings or facilities exceeding 30 feet (9144 mm) in
height above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be provided with approved fire apparatus
access roads capable of accommodating fire department aerial apparatus. Overhead utility and power lines
shall not be located within the aerial fire apparatus access roadway.
D105.2 Width. Fire apparatus access roads shall have a minimum unobstructed width of 26 feet(7925 mm)
in the immediate vicinity of any building or portion of building more than 30 feet(9144 mm)in height.
Page 28 of 30
D105.3 Proximity to building. At least one of the required access routes meeting this condition shall be
located within a minimum of 15 feet(4572 mm) and a maximum of 30 feet(9144 mm) from the building,and
shall be positioned parallel to one entire side of the building.
Section D106 Multiple-Family Residential Developments
D106.1 Projects having more than 100 dwelling units. Multiple-family residential projects having more
than 100 dwelling units shall be equipped throughout with two separate and approved fire apparatus access
roads.
Exception: Projects having up to 200 dwelling units may have a single approved fire apparatus access
road when all buildings, including nonresidential occupancies, are equipped throughout with approved
automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
D106.2 Projects having more than 200 dwelling units. Multiple-family residential projects having more
than 200 dwelling units shall be provided with two separate and approved fire apparatus access roads
regardless of whether they are equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
Section D107 One-or Two-Family Residential Developments
D107.1 One- or two-family dwelling residential developments. Developments of one- or two-family
dwellings where the number of dwelling units exceeds 30 shall be provided with separate and approved fire
apparatus access roads and shall meet the requirements of Section
D104.3.
Exceptions:
1. Where there are more than 30 dwelling units on a single public or private fire apparatus access road
and all dwelling units are equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.3, access from two directions shall not be
required.
2. The number of dwelling units on a single fire apparatus access road shall not be increased unless fire
apparatus access roads will connect with future development,as determined by the fire code official.
Section 3. That no chapter, section, or subsection of this ordinance shall be repealed by another ordinance
adopted after this ordinance unless that chapter, section, or subsection is specifically referenced by the
cumulative clause or repeal.
Section 4. That all references to the ICC Electrical Code read as follows: ICC Electrical Code or NFPA 70 as
adopted by the City of Cibolo. Where conflicts arise between codes the more stringent shall govern. That all
references to the standards of the National Fire Protection Association shall be the most recent additions on
file in the office of the Fire Marshal.
Section 5. That all pressure gauges installed or used for testing shall have the working range in the middle
third of the gauges minimum and maximum pressure ends.
Section 6. That this ordinance shall be cumulative of all provisions of the City of Cibolo, Texas, except
where the provisions of this Ordinance are in direct conflict with the provisions of such Ordinances,in which
event the more restrictive provision shall apply.
Section 7. That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason,
held to be unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this
Page 29 of 30
ordinance. The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this ordinance, and each section,
subsection, clause, or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections,
sentences,clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.
Section 8. That nothing in this ordinance or in the Fire Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any
suit or proceeding impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes
of action acquired or existing, under any act or ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any
character be lost,impaired or affected by this ordinance.
Section 9. That the City Secretary is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published.
Section 10. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters
established and adopted hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effective immediately upon the
passage and approval of the City Council of the City of Cibolo,Texas.
AND IT IS SO ORDAINED.
PASSED AND APPROVED by a vote of 2 for to d) against this / 3 day of "4/9-/ ,2008.
APPROVED:
Jennifer Hartman,Mayor
ATIEST:
7 L7
Peggy Cimics,City Secretary
Page 30 of 30